Low self-esteem

Self-esteem scales do not measure actual ability

Proposed in research

A systematic review found lower self-esteem among adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in most studies with comparison groups. The scales measured how people valued themselves, rather than their actual ability to complete tasks(Pedersen et al., 2024).

Overoptimism before a task can lead to self-blame afterward

Proposed in research

In their treatment model for adult ADHD, Sprich and colleagues describe how overly optimistic estimates can also lead to negative self-evaluations. A person may expect plenty of time and an easy path to a goal, then blame themselves when things go wrong(Sprich et al., 2010).

This model calls for attention to estimates of time and performance before the task, as well as self-blame afterward. Making thoughts more positive may not correct this cycle.

ADHD cannot explain every cause of low self-esteem

Proposed in research

Pedersen and colleagues’ review found that anxiety and depression were also associated with self-esteem(Pedersen et al., 2024).

Discussions of low self-esteem need to address anxiety and low mood alongside experiences of repeated mistakes. Attributing low self-esteem entirely to ADHD may overlook other distress that also needs attention.